"The eruption was equivalent to around 61 Mt of TNT, whereas the Tsar Bomba released between 50–58 Mt. Sam Rigby, senior lecturer in blast and impact engineering at the University of Sheffield and co-author of the study, said, "The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption was without a doubt one of the most energetic events to have occurred over the last century, more so than the largest nuclear bomb ever detonated. Weather enthusiasts in every continent began sharing screenshots of their measurements on social media, including location, local time of arrival of the Lamb wave, and pressure data, which were a valuable source of scientific information to help researchers determine the size of the volcanic eruption.ĭr. Data from the sites shows how local atmospheric pressure suddenly increased with a pressure pulse, followed by a negative phase, before returning to ambient conditions that typically lasted for around 45 minutes-in comparison, earthquakes typically last for a few seconds to only a few minutes. Weather stations all over the world, including sites in London, Fife and the Scottish Highlands, registered the passing of a type of acoustic-gravity wave called a Lamb wave. Another recent study revealed the explosion generated acoustic-gravity waves that reached the edge of space and were recorded by satellites and instruments across the globe, including in the U.K. On January 15, 2022, the volcano at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Island erupted producing a devastating tsunami and volcanic plumes that reached the stratosphere. Researchers from the University of Sheffield harvested data from weather stations and social media worldwide and compared it against historical data to determine that the eruption released more energy than the largest human-made explosion in history.
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